In accordance with the present invention, the filling apparatus for charging a pressurized aerosol container with a liquid product utilizes a male injector depending from a liquid reservoir in conjunction with a female valve of the container. The Aerosol Filling Machine is positioned or adjusted between a can non-filing position and a filling position, and pressure selectively draws liquid from the reservoir to the can when in a filling position. A substantially cylindrical housing engageable with and extending from the reservoir has an axial bore for liquid communication with the reservoir. A valve control having a valve body disposed in the axial bore of the cylindrical housing and having a central opening in liquid communication with the axial bore, includes a hollow injector pin extending longitudinally from the valve body and concentrically arranged with the opening of the valve body and terminates with at least one aperture. The valve control is biased to a closed, no-filling position, and when the can is in a filling position the injector pin is adapted to be received by the female valve, thereby establishing liquid communication between the reservoir and the can. A locking nut retains the valve control in the axial bore of the cylindrical housing. When the can is in a Aerosol Filling Machine manufacturer position, liquid flows from the reservoir and through the axial bore of the cylindrical housing, the valve control, the female valve, the dip tube depending downwardly from the female valve, and into the can.This invention relates to an apparatus for filling an Aerosol Filler . In its more specific aspect, this invention relates to an apparatus or device for filling an aerosol container having a female valve with liquid product. Aerosol dispensers, which are well known and used in abundance, consist of a self-pressurized and hermetically sealed container of metal, glass, or plastic. Most typically, the dispenser is charged or filled with the aerosol product, e.g., paint, lacquer, enamel, acrylic, fragrance, cleaning agent, etc., and then charged with a propellant and sometimes a solvent; but for a small percentage of dispensers, the container is preloaded with a propellant and sometimes a solvent, and then charged with the aerosol product. The product is dispensed, upon actuating a metering device or actuator, as a spray, foam, lotion, or the like.Filling the precharged dispenser or container with the aerosol filling product may be accomplished with an automatic system used in high volume applications, which meters a preselected amount of product into the container, or with a manual system. Regardless which system is used, usually depending upon volume, the apparatus typically includes a can holding means spaced below a reservoir for holding the liquid product. The male valve which is mounted in the cup of the container is brought into engagement with the reservoir outlet, and liquid flows from the reservoir through the valve and a downwardly depending dip tube, and then into the container. In the filling operation, it is important that the amount of liquid for each container must be accurate, that the operation be clean with essentially little or no leakage or overflow, and there be essentially little or no clogging.An automatic pneumatic filling system for charging an aerosol can is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,260. This known filling system utilizes a can receiver having a female liquid outlet depending downwardly from the reservoir, and the male valve seat or stem of the can is brought into engagement with the outlet for the can receiver. The filling apparatus includes a platform having a movable support means for supporting the Aerosol Filling Machine manufacturer , and a liquid reservoir spaced above the platform. A reciprocating piston or plunger is disposed above and coaxial with the female liquid outlet, and each downward stroke or extended position of the piston or plunger applies pressure against the liquid in the outlet, thereby forcing the liquid into the can. A check ball is positioned in the reservoir and over the opening to the outlet in order to prevent the flow of liquid from the reservoir when the piston is in a retracted position. Thus, in operation, a can positioned on the support means is automatically raised so that the male valve stem of the can engages the female outlet of the reservoir. As a consequence, the male valve stem, which is normally spring biased to a closed position, unseats the check ball over the outlet in the reservoir. The pressure applied against the liquid by the reciprocating piston opens the male valve and permits the liquid to flow from the reservoir and into the can. A pneumatic pump means forces a measured amount of liquid into the can. When filled, the can is automatically lowered, an actuator is placed over the male valve, a cover placed over the top, and the can is now ready for use by the consumer.Although in wide use, this type of system has several disadvantages. The connection between the female reservoir outlet and the male valve stem does not provide a tight liquid seal between the two members. Further, the check ball in the reservoir is gravity dependent, and when a filling operation is finished, there is frequently a time lag before the ball finds its seat, particularly with viscous liquids. Thus, overspill and leakage are somewhat common, which results in an unnecessary loss of liquid product, a messy cup, lost time in cleaning the can cup, and a dirty work area. Also, clogging should be avoided, but is a known problem with this system.This invention has therefore as its purpose to provide an improved apparatus or device for filling an Aerosol Filling Machine , which improvement may be utilized with either an automatic or manual system. In accordance with the present invention, the filling apparatus for charging a pressurized aerosol container utilizes a male injector fling device depending from the liquid reservoir in conjunction with a female valve of the container. It should be understood that the terms “dispenser,” “container” and “can” are used herein interchangeably and synonymously. Known filling systems used in the industry comprise a support means for the aerosol can, including means for selectively positioning, or raising and lowering, the support means between a can non- filling position and a filling position; a liquid reservoir spaced above the support means; and means for selectively drawing liquid from the reservoir into the can when in a filling position. In accordance with our invention, the improvement utilizes a filling apparatus or filling injector comprising a substantially cylindrical housing, which is engageable with and extends from the reservoir, Aerosol Filling Machine manufacturer and has an open-ended, axial bore for liquid communication with the reservoir.Valve control means includes a valve body disposed in the axial bore of the cylindrical housing, and the valve body has a central opening in liquid communication with the axial bore. A hollow injector pin extends longitudinally from the valve body and is concentrically arranged with the opening of the valve body, and the injector pin terminates with at least one aperture. Suitable means, such as a locking nut, retains the valve control means in the axial bore of the cylindrical body. The valve control means is biased to a closed, no- filling position, and establishes liquid communication between the reservoir and the can when the can is in a aerosol filler supplier position. The injector pin is adapted to be received by the female valve when the can is in a filling position. Thus, when the can is brought to a filling position, the valve control means is opened so that liquid will flow from the reservoir and through the axial bore of the cylindrical body, the valve control means, the female valve of the can, the dip tube depending downwardly from the female valve, and into the can.

 

Allied Vision Technologies (AVT) says new imaging machine offers “100 per cent inspection” capability to help drugmakers meet quality rules.

The system, which uses AVT’s Marlin F-046B camera combined with software based on National Instruments’ LabVIEW platform, can capture 80,000 images per hour using a short exposure time that prevents blurring.

AVT worked with fellow Germany-based firm Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) to develop the system, applying it to a manufacturing process whereby a precise quantity, 5.5mg, of a micronized powder had to be loaded into capsules.

BI senior scientist Peter Stöckel set out the scope of the challenge, explaining that: “One capsule leaves the Capsule filling machine every 45 ms, put another way, the capsules move at a speed of 1.5 m/s.

“[This] means that 22 capsules per second must be captured [by the camera],” continued Stockel, adding that “to avoid motion blurring, the exposure time cannot exceed 80 µs.”

He added that: “We’re very satisfied with the AVT camera. In continuous operation, it gives us sharp images that are indispensible for reliable evaluation.” The drugmaker has already added the new imaging system to several of its production lines.

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The machine

To trial the unit BI installed it in the assembly process at its plant in Ingelheim, Germany. The machine was positioned in the assembly line after the filling but before the sealing of the capsules. This allowed it to photograph the open capsules.

Since the camera cannot be positioned over the capsules it images their contents via a tilted mirror. Imaging is supported by a LED flash unit which illuminates the capsules from below.

Captured images are transmitted to an industrial PC via a FireWire connection. The LabVIEW software, programmed by BI, first analyses the images to detect whether the Capsule filling machine contains any powder at all.

Having established the presence of powder the software analyses the silhouette of the powder cylinder to derive the volumes and amounts of active ingredient in the capsule.

 

Types of Capsule filling machines

The capsule filling machine includes a variety of equipment handling the capsule, capsule devices that the amount due, the holders of caps, lids and closures, foil cutter, which is secured releasably to the processing of fixed and movable by a magnetic connection. A permanent magnet is provided in the machine fixed and mobile, and each has a handling device in correspondence to the part that is in contact with the permanent magnet, a piece of a ferromagnetic material has come.

Capsule machines are now growing popularity because of rising demand for treatments and supplements. Apart from pharmaceuticals and manufacturer of herbal supplements have become useful machines capsule for people who take supplements, medicines and other means to want to size. For this reason, various types of capsule machines are for people depending on their destination available.

Capping machines can be classified into two main types according to their use. Machines are often encapsulated by pharmaceutical companies, herbs and other business enterprises, production, packaging and selling drugs and used. Meanwhile, small machinery, and increased popular and are lightweight, compact, and portable. These machines are small capsules are easy to use and are available in various sizes.

Personal and small-cap machines are available in four sizes. The smallest size is 1, while the biggest is 000. The most common types of machines are capsules of the size 0 and 00 The size 0 can contain 500 mg, while the size can be 00 to 650 mg, the most common dose supplements of vitamins and nutrients.

Capsule filling machines also differ in their purpose and the capsule shell. All containers of soluble capsules which are based about recording, but these days there is a demand for gelatin capsules. These containers normally used to make capsules capsule, and are easier to swallow and light absorbed by the body. Gelatin capsule containers are becoming more popular, however, and not only in containing the drugs and traditional medicine but also for herbal supplements, oils and too much coffee.

Most companies offer machines capsules provide not only the machinery itself but also the capsules and powder desiccant. The desiccant powder is used to store items safe and encapsulated fresh and avoid heat and oxidation reactions that, if the capsules are stored, occur.

Capping machines, in particular models are easy to clean and store. Most of them are in the dishwasher and do not require complicated procedures to clean, making them ideal for travel and the capsule in the area.

China has established a pharmaceutical industry structure, and has become one of the largest pharmaceutical producers in the world. The Chinese pharmaceutical industries have increased in value with an annual average growth rate of 16.72% over the last few decades. However, the industry is still small-scale, with a scattered geographical layout, duplicated production processes, and outdated manufacturing technology and management structure. The Chinese pharmaceutical industry also has a lower market concentration and weak international trading competitiveness, coupled with a lack of patented pharmaceuticals developed in-house. (Eliza Yibing Zhou; 2007)

As China joins the World Trade Organization (WTO), it will need to integrate more completely into the global economy. The international competition will place an intense pressure on the Chinese pharmaceutical industry . Accession to the WTO will bind China by fundamental WTO principles, such as improved transparency and the strengthening of commercial legal procedures. China's WTO commitments include the tightening of rules on intellectual property, tariff concessions, and market access of non-Chinese service suppliers engaging in the distribution of pharmaceuticals. (Cheri Grace; 2004)

Investment conditions in China have improved due to the vast consumer demand for pharmaceuticals, the lower labor costs and the changes resulting from economic reform. Changes to the patenting laws in full compliance with the requirement of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (or "TRIPS Agreement") and the lack of Chinese pharmaceutical R&D have also left gaps in the market.

The china pharmaceutical industry has been a key contributor to the country’s impressive economic growth. As one of the world's major producers of pharmaceuticals, the sector achieved an annual compound growth rate of 16.7% between 1978 and 2003. Both far outpaced other economies in the world, making China the world's fastest growing pharmaceutical market. Although China has enjoyed the benefits of an expansive market for pharmaceutical production and distribution, the industry is suffering from minimal innovation and investment in R&D and new product development. The sector's economies of scale have yet to be achieved. Most domestic manufacturers in the pharmaceutical industries lack the autonomic intellectual property and financial resources to develop their own brand name products. Most manufacturers rely on the repetitive production of low value added bulk pharmaceuticals and imitation drugs.

 

source:blogigo china-pharmaceutical-machine 

Heretofore, pneumatically operated machines have been available for injecting paint and the like into precharged Aerosol Filling Machine cans. As illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,797,534, such devices commonly included a manual lever for lifting an aerosol can to be charged into contact with a relatively small reservoir, e.g. one quart. A pneumatically operated piston drove the paint from a cylinder at the bottom of the reservoir through the aerosol valve into the can. One of the drawbacks of the prior art machines was that the operator was poorly protected. A tubular frame, at best, has light weight panels attached to the frame. A see-through door which closed over the aerosol filler can being filled was susceptible to solvent attack. That is, spilled paints adhered to or permanently marred the see-through door rendering it's surface at least partially oblique.

Auto Aerosol Production Line consists of an CAN FEEDING MACHINE, CONVEYORS, INDEXED LIQUID FILLER, VACUUM EXTRACTOR, INDEXED VALVE SEALER AND PROPELLANT FILLER, and can automatically execute procedures as aerosol can conveying, blowing, liquid filling, vacuum extraction, valve pressing, capping and propellant filling.

The mechanical aerosol can lifting mechanism added an element of potential operator error. If the lever were misadjusted such that the operator could urge the aerosol filling machine supplier can against the reservoir too firmly, the aerosol can could be bent or damaged. Such overpressure or analogous underpressure between the can and the reservoir could cause leakage of the paint. During an attempted filling, the paint could spray under pressure over the base and other portions of the filling apparatus. The spilled paint could readily interact with the lever and lift mechanism causing binding and sticking.

 

source:bloggum china-pharmaceutical-machine

The recent discovery in Westchester County of Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide has focused new attention on the use of Capsule Filling Machines for drug delivery.When capsules were invented in the mid-19th century, they provided a significant improvement in the palatability of medications. But now, experts say, their vulnerability to tampering may outweigh their benefits, especially since advances in formulating tablets have made them easier to swallow.Many pharmaceutical companies continue to market products in capsule form, however, because the consumer has come to perceive this as the most efficient method of taking medication, according to Dr. Garnet E. Peck, director of the industrial pharmacy laboratory at Purdue. A 'Mystique' About Capsules

''There is a certain mystique that surrounds capsule fillers among consumers.'' Dr. Peck added. ''There are times when a manufacturer will put a product in a capsule instead of a tablet to give the drug a physical appearance that is different and therefore make it more competitive.''With acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, there is little difference between capsules and tablets in terms of the rate at which the drug is absorbed by the body, according to Dr. Leslie Benet, chairman of the department of pharmacy at the University of California at San Francisco.Nonetheless, a survey by the Warner-Lambert Company, the leading producer of empty gelatin capsules, in 1983 after the first Tylenol-related deaths found that 54 percent of the Americans surveyed preferred medicine in capsule filling machine form, while 29 percent preferred medicine in coated form and only 13 percent liked medicine in uncoated tablet form.Marshall Molloy of Warner-Lambert said that after the first Tylenol poisonings, ''it was thought that the very best technology in packaging would solve the problem.'' Now, companies may well consider eliminating capsules for some over-the-counter products. Tablets Can Be Made Faster

source:news chine-pharmaceutical-machine

A  filling machines and bottle washing machine in accordance with the present invention comprises a rotating spoke assembly 2 mounted for rotation within a cylindrica.

A through passageway is provided through the lower portion of the cylindrical drum 4 at the six o'clock position. A conveyor line 10 extends through the passageway 8 on which bottles 12 are conveyed to the rotating spoke assembly 2, rotated therearound to washing, rinsing, drying and filling positions, and then when filled conveyed away from the washing and filling machine to the next processing station such as capping the bottles, applying labels and the like.

Modification of the invention provide additional improvements over the prior art, including one modification in which each bottle is rotated through two separate orbits. In one orbit, the bottles are washed with a detergent, and then filled during the second orbit.

In another modification, two side-by-side circular rows of bottles are carried around the cylindrical drum by the rotary spoke assembly, for rinsing, aerating and filling of two sets of bottles during each revolution.

Other improvements and advantages of the bottle filling machines in accordance with the present invention will become apparent from the more detailed description which follows and from an examination of the accompanying drawings.
A bottle filling machine as set forth, wherein said filling means includes a valve assembly, said valve assembly includes a first inlet port connected to a supply of selected fluid material with which said bottles are to be filled, outlet port means for discharging a portion of said selected fluid material to each of said bottles while being continuously moved through at least a part of said bottle filling portion of said rotational pathway, said fluid conduit means being connected between said outlet port means and each one of said bottles to continuously rotate with said bottles and carry respective portions of said selected fluid material to fill respective ones of said bottles while they are being rotated.

A bottle filling machine manufacturer as set forth in claim 3, wherein said valve plate includes a bearing surface to face and bear against said bearing surface of said rotatable valve member, said valve plate being secured in a fixed position on said bottle filling machine coaxially with said central axis of said rotatable assembly and with said rotational pathway in which said rotatable assembly is rotated, said first inlet aperture being located radially in line with said three o'clock position of said rotational pathway to feed selected fluid filling material to and through said first discharge apertures in said first circular pathway of said rotatable valve member for feeding into said bottles as they are continuously rotated past the said three o'clock position moving clockwise.

A bottle filling machine as set forth in claim 10, wherein said valve plate includes a bearing surface to face and bear against said bearing surface of said rotatable valve member, said valve plate being secured in a fixed position on said bottle filling machine china coaxially with said central axis of said rotatable assembly and with said rotational pathway in which said rotatable assembly is rotated, said first inlet aperture being located radially in line with said three o'clock position of said rotational pathway to feed selected fluid filling material to and through said second discharge apertures in said second circular pathway of said rotatable valve member for feeding into said bottles in said second orbit as they are rotated past the said three o'clock position moving clockwise, said fluid conduit means of said filling means including first orbit fluid conduit means connected between said first discharge apertures and said bottles in said first orbit, and second fluid orbit conduit means connected between said second discharge apertures and said bottles in said second orbit.

In a first modified form of the bottle washing and filling machines , the bottles are rotated through two revolutions around the drum by a modified dual spoke assembly. The dual spoke assembly includes a first spoke assembly comprising a plurality of spokes extending radially from the axle adjacent the downstream side of the rear wall  of the drum , with separator pads secured to the free ends of the spokes . The dual spoke assembly also includes a second spoke assembly comprising a plurality of spokes extending radially from the axle adjacent to the first spoke assembly and on the downstream side thereof, the second spoke assembly having separator pads secured to the free ends of its spokes .

In this modified form of the bottle washing and filling machine, each bottle is rotated through two complete revolutions, first carried around the spoke assembly of the modified dual spoke assembly wherein each bottle  is washed and rinsed with a detergent and then diverted by guide rail at the six o'clock position viewed from the front, into the path of the second spoke assembly for a second revolution around the drum 4 wherein each bottle is filled with a liquid material such as distilled water.

 

 

source:townhall|bottle filling machine

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a covered water dispensing probe and mechanism for uncovering the probe on insertion of an inverted filling machines into the dispenser;
FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of a covered water dispensing probe and uncovering mechanism;
FIG. 3 is an uncovered but sealed water dispensing probe;
FIG. 4 is an open water dispensing probe; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a closed water bottle and closed water dispensing probe which are automatically opened when joined.

Referring to FIG. 1, the neck of an inverted water bottle 10 is shown being lowered into a bottle guide 11 which is located in the top of the water dispenser. The water bottle usually contains approximately five gallons of water and is made of plastic or glass. An elongated plastic cap 13 covers the open mouth of the water bottle and also has a ridge or bead 15 along the side of the cap which forms a seal with the interior of bottle guide 11. Cap 13 is conventional on water bottles and is usually torn off before the water bottle is inverted and placed into the water dispenser. The opening of the water bottle, however, exposes the fresh water inside the bottle to ambient contaminants, even if only for a short time. It is preferred to leave the bottle closed at all times and to open the bottle in the water dispenser. U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,188 discloses a cap for a bottled water equipment which has an inwardly turned, recessed portion, extending backwardly into the neck of the bottle, which is closed by a displaceable cap. The device disclosed in this application will function with the aforementioned cap and will also function with a conventional plastic cap.

When the water bottle is inserted, the cap of the water bottle strikes the actuating rod 47 pushing camming surface 59 downwardly against cam surface 61 on cap 63 causing the cover to open. The continued downward motion of the water bottle forces platform 53 and supported tube 69 downwardly until the bottle comes to rest against annular stop 45. Before the bottle reaches stop 45, the sharpened end 19 of probe 17 will cut a flap 81 in cap 13 on the water bottle. In FIG. 1, flap 81 is shown cut before the water bottle reaches probe 17, for clarity. The bottle would normally be closed until probe 17 pierces the cap cutting flap 81. Since probe 19 is sharpened, the edge of the probe is relieved or angled inwardly which causes the probe to cut a hole in cap 13 slightly smaller than the outer diameter of probe 17. This smaller hole in the cap tightly grips the outer surface of probe 17 precluding any air or water leakage.

With the filling machines in place, dispensing valve 29 can be actuated to draw water from the bottle. The water will push open check valve 35 and flow outwardly through spigot 33. Any air needed to relieve the partial vacuum in the bottom of water bottle 10 will flow inwardly through tube 41 and check valve 43 and bubble upwardly through the water to the inverted bottom of the bottle. It can be seen that the system is completely sealed with the exception of the filtered air source. The filter used with the air source can be a single or compound filter designed to protect the water from the specific contaminants in the air surrounding the water dispenser. If biological materials are present, a microfilter can be used. If organic solvents are present, an activated charcoal filter can be used and if dust is present, a coarse paper or filberglass filter can be used. For mixed contaminants, the filter can be assembled with layers of different filter materials to protect the water.

As the water bottle enters bottle guide 11, it forces actuating rod 97 downwardly which, as previously described, causes cover 113 to open. The water bottle continues downwardly until probe 91 displaces the cap from the interior of the water bottle and the bottle comes to rest on the shoulders of bottle guide 11. A guide rod 123 is provided for controlling the motion of tubular member 103 as it is pushed downwardly. A coil spring 125 is positioned about probe 91 and urges the cover assembly upwardly. A flange 127 is attached to the side of tubular member 103 and has an aperture 129 therein for guiding flange 127 upon rod 123. A pin 131 projects through the end of rod 123 and prevents the cover assembly from being pushed beyond the end of probe 91.

Similar check valves and dispensing conduits can be attached to probe 91, as well as a filtered air source 41, to provide an enclosed and sealed water system. The cover of FIG. 2 is similar to the cover of FIG. 1 in that it protects the end of the probe from access to ambient contaminants when a filling machines is not in position.

In FIG. 3, a dispensing system is shown in which the end of the probe is not protected from ambient contaminants while the interior of the probe and the water conduit delivery system is sealed. A bottle guide 11 is again provided for centering an inverted water supply bottle 10 as it is inserted into the water dispenser. A plastic cap 13 closes the end or mouth of the water bottle. Cap 13 has a raised bead 15 for forming a seal against the interior of bottle guide 11. In this figure, as in FIG. 1, the cap of the water bottle is shown as cut while the bottle is separated from the probe. This has been done to facilitate the explanation of the invention. It is obvious that the cutting takes place after the cap is contacted and penetrated by the probe.

When a bottle using cap 181 of FIG. 5 is to be drained, a sealing member (not shown) can be pulled off the end of the collar exposing valve member 187. The bottle can then be inverted and lowered into bottle guide 11 which centers the neck of bottle 10 above tubular member 201. As the bottle descends, valve member 187 in cap 181 and valve member 217 in tubular member 201 are pushed backwardly, opening the fluid passage from the interior of water bottle 10 around the valve members and into tubular member 201 where the water can be distributed in the water dispensing system, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 1. Filtered air is again supplied from a source 41 into the side of tubular member 201. A flap check valve 43 is again used to close the source of filtered air. When water bottle 10 is emptied, it can be raised upwardly out of bottle guide 11 which causes valve member 187 in cap 191 to close the bottled water equipment , protecting the inside from contamination while valve member 217 closes the water dispensing system.

From the above description, it can be seen that a sealed water dispensing system is provided which no longer uses the conventional reservoir for containing water. The water is delivered directly from the water supply bottle to a water dispensing conduit or plumbing inside the water dispenser with the air needed to displace the partial vacuum in the bottom of the water supply bottle being supplied from a filtered source. By using the system of the present invention, the water is substantially protected from all airborne contaminants.

 

source:townhall|bottled water equipment

The capsule filling machine includes a variety of equipment handling the capsule, capsule devices that the amount due, the holders of caps, lids and closures, foil cutter, which is secured releasably to the processing of fixed and movable by a magnetic connection. A permanent magnet is provided in the machine fixed and mobile, and each has a handling device in correspondence to the part that is in contact with the permanent magnet, a piece of a ferromagnetic material has come.
Capsule machines are now growing popularity because of rising demand for treatments and supplements. Apart from pharmaceuticals and manufacturer of herbal supplements have become useful machines capsule for people who take supplements, medicines and other means to want to size. For this reason, various types of capsule machines are for people depending on their destination available.

Capping machines can be classified into two main types according to their use. Machines are often encapsulated by pharmaceutical companies, herbs and other business enterprises, production, packaging and selling drugs and used. Meanwhile, small machinery, and increased popular and are lightweight, compact, and portable. These machines are small capsules are easy to use and are available in various sizes.

Personal and small-cap machines are available in four sizes. The smallest size is 1, while the biggest is 000. The most common types of machines are capsules of the size 0 and 00 The size 0 can contain 500 mg, while the size can be 00 to 650 mg, the most common dose supplements of vitamins and nutrients.

Capsule filling machines also differ in their purpose and the capsule shell. All containers of soluble capsules which are based about recording, but these days there is a demand for gelatin capsules. These containers normally used to make capsules capsule, and are easier to swallow and light absorbed by the body. Gelatin capsule containers are becoming more popular, however, and not only in containing the drugs and traditional medicine but also for herbal supplements, oils and too much coffee.

Most companies offer machines capsules provide not only the machinery itself but also the capsules and powder desiccant. The desiccant powder is used to store items safe and encapsulated fresh and avoid heat and oxidation reactions that, if the capsules are stored, occur.

Capping machines, in particular models are easy to clean and store. Most of them are in the dishwasher and do not require complicated procedures to clean, making them ideal for travel and the capsule in the area.

 

source:china-pharmaceutical-machine

Currently China has about 3,500 drug companies, falling from more than 5,000 in 2004, according to government figures. The number is expected to drop further. The domestic companies compete in the $10 billion market without a dominant leader. As of 2007, China is the world’s ninth drug market, and in 2008 it will become the eighth largest market.

China’s thousands of domestic companies account for 70 percent of the market, and the top 10 companies about 20 percent, according to Pharmaceutical Industries Business China. In contrast, the top 10 companies in most developed countries control about half the market. Since June 30, 2004, the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) has been closing down manufacturers that do not meet the new GMP standards. Foreign players account for 10% to 20% of overall sales, depending on the types of medicines and ventures included in the count. But sales at the top-tier Chinese companies are growing faster than at Western ones, according to IMS Health Inc.
Even the top selling companies just barely exceed sales of $100 million (hospital market). Most of the Chinese drug-makers fall below the 20th ranking, but 30 of the top 50 companies are local.

In addition, China’s over-the-counter market is growing fast and has become the fourth largest OTC market in the world. Foreign enterprises have been closely monitoring the expanding OTC market. Merck announced the launch of OTC program in China in September 2003. Roche listed China as one of its 10 core OTC markets, with the aim of growing its OTC drug sales by 50% in the next five years and reaching 1.3 billion in 2008. Novartis is expanding its OTC market share in China, and Wyeth has also entered OTC market.

The Pharmaceutical generics market in China is dominated by its non-branded generic industry that operates with basic technology and simple production methods. Domestic pharmaceuticals are not as technologically advanced as western products, but nonetheless occupy approximately 70% of the market in China. Domestic companies are mainly government owned and fraught with overproduction and losses. The Chinese government has begun consolidating and upgrading the industry in an effort to compete with foreign corporations.

It is estimated that most hospitals derive 25-60% of their revenue from prescription sales, hospitals remain the main outlets for distributing pharmaceuticals in China. This will change with the separation of hospital pharmacies from healthcare services and with the growing numbers of retail pharmacy outlets. Retail pharmacy outlets are expected to grow in number once the government finally introduces its system to classify drugs as OTC. The government is now encouraging development of chain drug stores, but the full effect might not be seen for several years.

The price of pharmaceutical products will continue to decrease steadily. In June 2004, the price of 400 antibiotics in 24 categories, including penicillin, was reduced by, on average, 35%. The total value affected by this reduction was US$42 million. The central government has been playing a significant role in pharmaceutical price readjustment. Future price reductions will originate from hospital pharmaceutical retail shops.

The rural Pharmaceutical Industries will shift significantly. 80% of counterfeit products are consumed in rural areas. This provides a huge opportunity for pharmaceutical companies to develop the market in rural areas. In 2005, Huanan Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou Ruobei Huale, Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Group, and others, have stepped up efforts in targeting the rural market.

Bayer of Germany, the inventor of aspirin, began trade with China in as early as 1882. Hoechst AG, known as Aventis, sold its products through 128 distribution agents across China in 1887, becoming China's no. 1 Western medicine and dyeing provider. Eli Lilly and Company opened its first overseas representative office in Shanghai in 1918. ICI, the predecessor of the world's no. 3 pharmaceutical enterprise AstraZeneca, began trade with China in 1898.In the 9 months from January to September 2004, the total output of the country’s pharmaceutical industry reached $40 billion, 15.8% higher than the same period of 2003. In the same period, 23 major state-owned pharmaceutical companies had sales of $10 billion. A survey of 16 typical city hospitals, the usage of drugs increased by 32.23% in the first half of 2004 as compared with that of 2003.

Around 36% of all China Pharmaceutical Industries are state-owned. Another 35% are privately owned domestic enterprises and the remaining 29%, foreign-funded. Synthetic drug manufacturing remains the pharmaceutical industry’s largest business in China, constituting 65% of industry sales. Another 21% of industry sales come from traditional Chinese medicine. Biotech-related medical products and medical equipment make up the rest.With their low budget for research and development, China’s pharmaceutical makers are in a different league from the multinationals, but they do enjoy certain advantages. Many Chinese companies not only produce the dosage forms (such as tablets) but also own the pharmacies where they are dispensed, as well as the distribution networks that deliver them to the hospitals, where nearly 80% of drugs are sold. In addition, Chinese companies can produce generic versions of branded drugs for a fraction of their price.

Of the 3,000 pharmaceuticals - not including traditional medicines - manufactured in China since the 1950s, 99 percent are copies of foreign products, as are almost 90 percent of China's biotech products. Most Chinese companies - even joint ventures - compete with each other for the same generics. Many are struggling for survival; more than 32 percent recorded losses in 1999, according to the Pharmaceutical Department of National Development and Reform Commission.

Moreover, compared with international pharma giants, Chinese companies are not only small, but are weak in technology and often lack capital. The total R&D expenditures for Chinese-owned pharma businesses amounted to less than that spent by a single major Western pharma company.

There are presently more than 5,000 research and development (R&D) institutions in China, but only a handful of them are able to compete internationally in certain areas.

The R&D system consists of specialized research institutes, major universities, biotechnology companies, and R&D divisions of large Capsule filling machine pharmaceutical enterprises. In recent years, mid- and small-size biotechnology companies are developing at a rapid pace. There are more than 1,000 such entities nationwide at present, and more than 30% of them are privately owned. Special governmental funds are available to promote this type of entrepreneurship.

During the past several years, some Chinese pharmaceutical companies began to establish R&D infrastructures largely due to internal growth needs, but their primary focus is directed toward improving existing technologies or developing generic version of new drugs.

Dry granulation processes create granules by light compaction of the powder blend under low pressures. The compacts so-formed are broken up gently to produce granules (agglomerates). This process is often used when the product to be granulated is sensitive to moisture and heat. Dry granulation can be conducted on a Rotary tablet press using slugging tooling or on a roll press called a roller compactor. Dry granulation equipment offers a wide range of pressures to attain proper densification and granule formation. Dry granulation is simpler than wet granulation, therefore the cost is reduced. However, dry granulation often produces a higher percentage of fine granules, which can compromise the quality or create yield problems for the tablet. Dry granulation requires drugs or excipients with cohesive properties, and a 'dry binder' may need to be added to the formulation to facilitate the formation of granules.

After granulation, a final lubrication step is used to ensure that the tableting blend does not stick to the equipment during the tableting process Pharmaceutical Industries . This usually involves low shear blending of the granules with a powdered lubricant, such as magnesium stearate or stearic acid.Whatever process is used to make the tableting blend, the process of making a tablet by powder compaction is very similar. First, the powder is filled into the die from above. The mass of powder is determined by the position of the lower punch in the die, the cross-sectional area of the die, and the powder density. At this stage, adjustments to the tablet weight are normally made by repositioning the lower punch. After die filling, the upper punch is lowered into the die and the powder is uniaxially compressed to a porosity of between 5 and 20%. The compression can take place in one or two stages (main compression, and, sometimes, pre-compression or tamping) and for commercial production occurs very fast (500–50 msec per tablet). Finally, the upper punch is pulled up and out of the die (decompression), and the tablet is ejected from the die by lifting the lower punch until its upper surface is flush with the top face of the die. This process is simply repeated many times to manufacture multiple tablets.

Common problems encountered during Rotary tablet press manufacturer operations include:
    * poor (low) weight uniformity, usually caused by uneven powder flow into the die
    * poor (low) content uniformity, caused by uneven distribution of the API in the tableting blend
    * sticking of the powder blend to the tablet tooling, due to inadequate lubrication, worn or dirty tooling, and sub-optimal material properties
    * capping, lamination or chipping. Such mechanical failure is due to improper formulation design or faulty equipment operation.

Tablet formulations are designed and tested using a laboratory machine called a Tablet Compaction Simulator or Powder Compaction Simulator. This is a computer controlled device that can measure the punch positions, punch pressures, friction forces, die wall pressures, and sometimes the tablet internal temperature during the compaction event. Numerous experiments with small quantities of different mixtures can be performed to optimise a formulation. Mathematically corrected punch motions can be programmed to simulate any type and model of production tablet press. Initial quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients are very expensive to produce, and using a Compaction Simulator reduces the amount of powder required for product development.

Tablet presses, also called Rotary tablet press machines , range from small, inexpensive bench-top models that make one tablet at a time (single-station presses), with only around a half-ton pressure, to large, computerized, industrial models (multi-station rotary presses) that can make hundreds of thousands to millions of tablets an hour with much greater pressure. The tablet press is an essential piece of machinery for any pharmaceutical and nutraceutical manufacturer. Common manufacturers of tablet presses include Fette, Korsch, Kikusui, Manesty and Courtoy. Tablet presses must allow the operator to adjust the position of the lower and upper punches accurately, so that the tablet weight, thickness and density can each be controlled. This is achieved using a series of cams, rollers, and/or tracks that act on the tablet tooling (punches). Mechanical systems are also incorporated for die filling, and for ejecting and removing the tablets from the press after compression. Pharmaceutical tablet presses are required to be easy to clean and quick to reconfigure with different tooling, because they are usually used to manufacture many different products.

Many tablets today are coated after being pressed. Although sugar-coating was popular in the past, the process has many drawbacks. Modern tablet coatings are polymer and polysaccharide based, with plasticizers and pigments included. Tablet coatings must be stable and strong enough to survive the handling of the tablet, must not make tablets stick together during the coating process, and must follow the fine contours of embossed characters or logos on tablets. Coatings are necessary for tablets that have an unpleasant taste, and a smoother finish makes large Albendazole tablets easier to swallow. Tablet coatings are also useful to extend the shelf-life of components that are sensitive to moisture or oxidation. Opaque materials like titanium dioxide can protect light-sensitive actives from photodegradation[citation needed]. Special coatings (for example with pearlescent effects) can enhance brand recognition.

If the active ingredient of a tablet is sensitive to acid, or is irritant to the stomach lining, an enteric coating can be used, which is resistant to stomach acid, and dissolves in the less acidic area of the intestines. Enteric coatings are also used for medicines that can be negatively affected by taking a long time to reach the small intestine, where they are absorbed. Coatings are often chosen to control the rate of dissolution of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. Some drugs will be absorbed better at different points in the digestive system. If the highest percentage of absorption of a drug takes place in the stomach, a coating that dissolves quickly and easily in acid will be selected. If the rate of absorption is best in the large intestine or colon, then a coating that is acid resistant and dissolves slowly would be used to ensure it reached that point before dispersing. The area of the gastrointestinal tract with the best absorption for any particular drug is usually determined by clinical trials.

It is sometimes necessary to split tablets into halves or quarters. Tablets are easier to break accurately if scored, but there are devices called pill-splitters which cut unscored and scored tablets. Rotary tablet press with special coatings (for example enteric coatings or controlled-release coatings) should not be broken before use, as this will expose the tablet core to the digestive juices, short-circuiting the intended delayed-release effect.

In accordance with the present invention, the filling apparatus for charging a pressurized aerosol container with a liquid product utilizes a male injector depending from a liquid reservoir in conjunction with a female valve of the container. The Aerosol Filling Machine is positioned or adjusted between a can non-filing position and a filling position, and pressure selectively draws liquid from the reservoir to the can when in a filling position. A substantially cylindrical housing engageable with and extending from the reservoir has an axial bore for liquid communication with the reservoir. A valve control having a valve body disposed in the axial bore of the cylindrical housing and having a central opening in liquid communication with the axial bore, includes a hollow injector pin extending longitudinally from the valve body and concentrically arranged with the opening of the valve body and terminates with at least one aperture. The valve control is biased to a closed, no-filling position, and when the can is in a filling position the injector pin is adapted to be received by the female valve, thereby establishing liquid communication between the reservoir and the can. A locking nut retains the valve control in the axial bore of the cylindrical housing. When the can is in a filling position, liquid flows from the reservoir and through the axial bore of the cylindrical housing, the valve control, the female valve, the dip tube depending downwardly from the female valve, and into the can.

This invention relates to an apparatus for filling an Aerosol Filler . In its more specific aspect, this invention relates to an apparatus or device for filling an aerosol container having a female valve with liquid product. Aerosol dispensers, which are well known and used in abundance, consist of a self-pressurized and hermetically sealed container of metal, glass, or plastic. Most typically, the dispenser is charged or filled with the aerosol product, e.g., paint, lacquer, enamel, acrylic, fragrance, cleaning agent, etc., and then charged with a propellant and sometimes a solvent; but for a small percentage of dispensers, the container is preloaded with a propellant and sometimes a solvent, and then charged with the aerosol product. The product is dispensed, upon actuating a metering device or actuator, as a spray, foam, lotion, or the like.

Filling the precharged dispenser or container with the aerosol filling product may be accomplished with an automatic system used in high volume applications, which meters a preselected amount of product into the container, or with a manual system. Regardless which system is used, usually depending upon volume, the apparatus typically includes a can holding means spaced below a reservoir for holding the liquid product. The male valve which is mounted in the cup of the container is brought into engagement with the reservoir outlet, and liquid flows from the reservoir through the valve and a downwardly depending dip tube, and then into the container. In the filling operation, it is important that the amount of liquid for each container must be accurate, that the operation be clean with essentially little or no leakage or overflow, and there be essentially little or no clogging.

An automatic pneumatic filling system for charging an aerosol can is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,260. This known filling system utilizes a can receiver having a female liquid outlet depending downwardly from the reservoir, and the male valve seat or stem of the can is brought into engagement with the outlet for the can receiver. The filling apparatus includes a platform having a movable support means for supporting the Aerosol Filling Machine manufacturer , and a liquid reservoir spaced above the platform. A reciprocating piston or plunger is disposed above and coaxial with the female liquid outlet, and each downward stroke or extended position of the piston or plunger applies pressure against the liquid in the outlet, thereby forcing the liquid into the can. A check ball is positioned in the reservoir and over the opening to the outlet in order to prevent the flow of liquid from the reservoir when the piston is in a retracted position. Thus, in operation, a can positioned on the support means is automatically raised so that the male valve stem of the can engages the female outlet of the reservoir. As a consequence, the male valve stem, which is normally spring biased to a closed position, unseats the check ball over the outlet in the reservoir. The pressure applied against the liquid by the reciprocating piston opens the male valve and permits the liquid to flow from the reservoir and into the can. A pneumatic pump means forces a measured amount of liquid into the can. When filled, the can is automatically lowered, an actuator is placed over the male valve, a cover placed over the top, and the can is now ready for use by the consumer.

Although in wide use, this type of system has several disadvantages. The connection between the female reservoir outlet and the male valve stem does not provide a tight liquid seal between the two members. Further, the check ball in the reservoir is gravity dependent, and when a filling operation is finished, there is frequently a time lag before the ball finds its seat, particularly with viscous liquids. Thus, overspill and leakage are somewhat common, which results in an unnecessary loss of liquid product, a messy cup, lost time in cleaning the can cup, and a dirty work area. Also, clogging should be avoided, but is a known problem with this system.

This invention has therefore as its purpose to provide an improved apparatus or device for filling an Aerosol Filling Machine , which improvement may be utilized with either an automatic or manual system. In accordance with the present invention, the filling apparatus for charging a pressurized aerosol container utilizes a male injector fling device depending from the liquid reservoir in conjunction with a female valve of the container. It should be understood that the terms "dispenser," "container" and "can" are used herein interchangeably and synonymously. Known filling systems used in the industry comprise a support means for the aerosol can, including means for selectively positioning, or raising and lowering, the support means between a can non- filling position and a filling position; a liquid reservoir spaced above the support means; and means for selectively drawing liquid from the reservoir into the can when in a filling position. In accordance with our invention, the improvement utilizes a filling apparatus or filling injector comprising a substantially cylindrical housing, which is engageable with and extends from the reservoir, and has an open-ended, axial bore for liquid communication with the reservoir.

Valve control means includes a valve body disposed in the axial bore of the cylindrical housing, and the valve body has a central opening in liquid communication with the axial bore. A hollow injector pin extends longitudinally from the valve body and is concentrically arranged with the opening of the valve body, and the injector pin terminates with at least one aperture. Suitable means, such as a locking nut, retains the valve control means in the axial bore of the cylindrical body. The valve control means is biased to a closed, no- filling position, and establishes liquid communication between the reservoir and the can when the can is in a aerosol filler supplier position. The injector pin is adapted to be received by the female valve when the can is in a filling position. Thus, when the can is brought to a filling position, the valve control means is opened so that liquid will flow from the reservoir and through the axial bore of the cylindrical body, the valve control means, the female valve of the can, the dip tube depending downwardly from the female valve, and into the can.

 

 

source:freepatentsonline

Tablets are simple and convenient to use. They provide an accurately measured dosage of the active ingredient in a convenient portable package, and can be designed to protect unstable medications or disguise unpalatable ingredients. Colored coatings, embossed markings and printing can be used to aid tablet recognition. Manufacturing processes and techniques can provide Albendazole tablets special properties, for example, sustained release or fast dissolving formulations.

Some drugs may be unsuitable for administration by the oral route. For example, protein drugs such as insulin may be denatured by stomach acids. Such drugs cannot be made into tablets. Some drugs may be deactivated by the liver when they are carried there from the gastrointestinal tract by the hepatic portal vein (the "first pass effect"), making them unsuitable for oral use. Drugs which can be taken sublingually are absorbed through the oral mucosae, so that they bypass the liver and are less susceptible to the first pass effect. The oral bioavailability of some drugs may be low due to poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Such drugs may need to be given in very high doses or by injection. For drugs that need to have rapid onset, or that have severe side effects, the oral route may not be suitable. For example salbutamol, used to treat problems in the pulmonary system, can have effects on the heart and circulation if taken orally; these effects are greatly reduced by inhaling smaller doses direct to the required site of action.

Tablets can be made in virtually any shape, although requirements of patients and Rotary tablet press machines mean that most are round, oval or capsule shaped. More unsusual shapes have been manufactured but patients find these harder to swallow, and they are more vulnerable to chipping or manufacturing problems.

Tablet diameter and shape are determined by the machine tooling used to produce them - a die plus an upper and a lower punch are required. This is called a station of tooling. The thickness is determined by the amount of tablet material and the position of the punches in relation to each other during compression. Once this is done, we can measure the corresponding pressure applied during compression. The shorter the distance between the punches, thickness, the greater the pressure applied during compression, and sometimes the harder the tablet. Tablets need to be hard enough that they don't break up in the bottle, yet friable enough that they disintegrate in the gastric tract.

Tablets need to be strong enough to resist the stresses of packaging, shipping and handling by the pharmacist and patient. The mechanical strength of tablets Pharmaceutical Industries is assessed using a combination of (i) simple failure and erosion tests, and (ii) more sophisticated engineering tests. The simpler tests are often used for quality control purposes, whereas the more complex tests are used during the design of the formulation and manufacturing process in the research and development phase. Standards for tablet properties are published in the various international pharmacopeias (USP/NF, EP, JP, etc). Lubricants

Lubricants prevent ingredients from clumping together and from sticking to the tablet punches or capsule filling machine. Lubricants also ensure that tablet formation and ejection can occur with low friction between the solid and die wall.p[Common minerals like talc or silica, and fats, e.g. vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid are the most frequently used lubricants in tablets or hard gelatin capsules. In the Rotary tablet press , the main guideline is to ensure that the appropriate amount of active ingredient is in each tablet. Hence, all the ingredients should be well-mixed. If a sufficiently homogenous mix of the components cannot be obtained with simple blending processes, the ingredients must be granulated prior to compression to assure an even distribution of the active compound in the final tablet. Two basic techniques are used to granulate powders for compression into a tablet: wet granulation and dry granulation. Powders that can be mixed well do not require granulation and can be compressed into tablets through direct compression.

Wet granulation is a process of using a liquid binder to lightly agglomerate the powder mixture. The amount of liquid has to be properly controlled, as over-wetting will cause the granules to be too hard and under-wetting will cause them to be too soft and friable. Aqueous solutions have the advantage of being safer to deal with than solvent-based systems.

    * Procedure
          o Step 1: The active ingredient and excipients are weighed and mixed.
          o Step 2: The wet granulate is prepared by adding the liquid binder–adhesive to the powder blend and mixing thoroughly. Examples of binders/adhesives include aqueous preparations of cornstarch, natural gums such as acacia, cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, gelatin, and povidone.
          o Step 3: Screening the damp mass through a mesh to form pellets or granules.
          o Step 4: Drying the granulation. A conventional tray-dryer or fluid-bed dryer are most commonly used.
          o Step 5: After the granules are dried, they are passed through a screen of smaller size than the one used for the wet mass to create granules of uniform size.

Low shear wet granulation processes use very simple mixing equipment, and can take a considerable time to achieve a uniformly mixed state. High shear wet granulation processes use equipment that mixes the powder and liquid at a very fast rate, and thus speeds up the manufacturing process. Fluid bed granulation is a multiple-step wet granulation process performed in the same vessel to pre-heat, granulate, and dry the powders. It is used because it allows close control of the granulation process.
Dry granulation processes create granules by light compaction of the powder blend under low pressures. The compacts so-formed are broken up gently to produce granules (agglomerates). This process is often used when the product to be granulated is sensitive to moisture and heat. Dry granulation can be conducted on a Rotary tablet press using slugging tooling or on a roll press called a roller compactor. Dry granulation equipment offers a wide range of pressures to attain proper densification and granule formation. Dry granulation is simpler than wet granulation, therefore the cost is reduced. However, dry granulation often produces a higher percentage of fine granules, which can compromise the quality or create yield problems for the tablet. Dry granulation requires drugs or excipients with cohesive properties, and a 'dry binder' may need to be added to the formulation to facilitate the formation of granules.

 

 

source:wiki

A Capsule filling machine has a capsule holder with a medication tray, and cavities in the tray for receiving capsule bodies and capsule covers for filling with powdered or granulated medication. A wall around the medication tray contains loose medication, and the tray surface slopes toward each cavity to facilitate filling. Medication is tamped into the capsules with posts on an extractor; the extractor after tamping is inserted from beneath into the base of the capsule filler so the extractor posts push the filled capsules upward from their cavities where they can be gripped and removed.
Herbs can be made into capsules, like the ones purchased in health food stores, by drying the herb and then crushing it. This is a great way to give herbs to kids who might otherwise refuse the herb. It is also a great way to take herbs that are bitter or do not have an appealing flavor.

This invention relates to devices for manually introducing medication and other materials into gelatin capsules, and especially to such devices for use in a home or hospice setting where limited production is acceptable.
Filling capsules with medication is generally accomplished using machines for mass production, or hand-filling techniques for more limited quantities. A special difficulty arises when it is desirable to fill a few capsules at a time, such as for home treatment of one or two patients. The difficulty may be compounded if a patient is unable to control swallowing, and cannot take medication orally. In this latter case the only way to administer medication may be rectally, by means of capsules.

Prescription medicines often are dispensed in tablet form; if the patient cannot swallow tablets they can be broken up or crushed, placed in capsules, and administered rectally. Because it is preferable for the patient to receive the medication in as few capsules as possible, a method of overfilling the capsules is desirable. Overfilling is accomplished by introducing medication into both the capsule body and the cap, so that the capsules contain a greater quantity of medication and fewer capsules are needed.

You can dry herbs in a variety of ways. A sunny window, hanging upside down to air dry, or a dehydrator all work well. Just be sure the air can freely circulate around the herb. Herbs that are kept out of direct sun light while drying are generally more potent.Empty capsules filler can be purchased online or at your local health food store. These empty capsules pull apart. After opening the capsule scoop up some of the crushed herb with each end. After filling both ends of the capsule with herb, push the capsule back together.

The invention is an easy-to-use, low-cost device for filling small quantities of capsules with powdered or granulated medication. The capsule filler may be used in home, hospice, pharmacy, or hospital, anywhere capsules for one or two patients need to be filled individually. The capsule filler includes a capsule holder with cavities to hold capsule bodies and covers. Surrounding the cavities is a medication tray which slopes down toward capsules positioned in the cavities. Medication is introduced into the capsule parts by being placed on the tray and transferred into the capsules, where it is tamped with a dual-use extractor. Next, excess medication is removed from the tray back into a container, to avoid waste.

When taking dried herbs it is important to note that the amount of herb in one powdered herb capsule is equivalent of 8 times its weight in fresh herb. Use this ratio to ensure you do not take to much of a specific herb.After a capsule body and cover are inserted into the appropriate cavities, powdered or granulated medication is placed on the medication tray. Medication is transferred into the capsule body and cover by raking with a spatula, by tapping the capsule holder, or by a combination of these. It is understood that the size of the capsule filler manufacturer allows it to be held in the hands during the filling process, where tilting and/or tapping the capsule filler will facilitate transferring powdered medication into the capsule body and cover. Another problem with filling a few capsules manually is wasted medication; the process is difficult to accomplish without spillage and waste, and requires considerable dexterity to accomplish at all. Therefore a need exists for a device to facilitate filling capsules with medication a few at a time, and which allows filling both body and cap of the capsules with the maximum possible quantity of medication.

Of the patents listed below, Austin discloses a capsule filling machine for large-scale production. Sundberg discloses a capsule handling system for filling several dozen capsules at once. Hayashi, et al. disclose a device having rotating plates with cam-operated means for positioning, filling, and closing the capsules. Similarly, Inman discloses an arrangement of rotating plates with a chamber for dispensing powdered medication into capsule bodies held in openings in a lower plate.

An improved Aerosol Filling Machine has a chamber seal engaging the bottom of a valve cup on the container. A chamber in the adapter is pressurized to open an aerosol valve and to fill the container. Pressure reduction in the chamber allows the aerosol valve to close, independent of the seal, and without content “spit-back”. Alternative structures and methods are disclosed.
An aerosol filling adapter for use in filling an aerosol container having a valve cup therein, and through an aerosol valve, with gas, said adapter comprising: an adapter housing; a reciprocal adapter body in said housing; an adapter holder mounted on said adapter housing; an adapter valve in said holder, disposed for opening and closing in response to movement of said adapter body: a seal on said adapter body; said seal oriented for sealing engagement on said valve cap of an aerosol container in non-interfering relation with said aerosol valve.

If your shading gets too dark in any area, just press and lift with the kneaded eraser to lighten it. Erase completely if dark colors get into the silhouetted leaf shapes with the white vinyl eraser.
Another variation on this that makes a great outdoor crafts project is to take sketch paper outside, collect real leaves, lay them out one by one on the paper and spray them with spray paint. Be sure to let a leaf silhouette dry before laying the next leaf on the design, so they don't smear.

Cutting paper templates for shapes and spraying by aerosol filler with liquid non-toxic watercolor is another way to do these designs that's easier and safer indoors, especially with children. To make liquid watercolor, just use small misters and swirl a brush into a child's watercolor pan, then rinse repeatedly in the mister before putting the top on till the water turns a good strong color. Remember it will be lighter when it dries, so add more paint than you think you'll need.

An aerosol filling machine china for filling an aerosol container with gas through an aerosol valve mounted on said container and having an aerosol valve operating member operably connected thereto, said adapter comprising: an adapter body for isolating said member from ambient pressure and defining a pressure chamber for pressurizing said member to move said member and open said valve for filling said container with gas; said adapter body having a seal for engaging a portion of said containers spaced from said member and sealing said chamber from ambient pressure, said portion of said container comprising a portion of a valve cup independent and spaced from said valve operating member.

Using pink or red or green school erasers or the pink erasers on the ends of Col-Erase pencils may streak your art with an ugly pink. I never use those for anything if I can help it, because they stain. You may want to cut them off to remind yourself of that.
Don't use spray workable matte fixative or any spray paint in enclosed areas with poor ventilation or near open flame, electric stove burners that are on or lit cigarettes.

A method of filling an aerosol container having a valve cup comprising a curl, sides and bottom, with gas through an aerosol filler manufacturer , said method comprising the steps of: engaging an adapter with said valve cup and sealing a chamber in said adapter with said seal; supplying pressurized gas to said adapter and through said adapter to said container aerosol valve; opening said aerosol valve with said pressure; filling said container with gas; ceasing said gas supply; and closing said aerosol valve as a function of reduced pressure in said gas without “spit-back” of contents of said container.

A method of filling propellant into an aerosol container having a valve and a valve actuating member, said method comprising the steps of: applying pressurized propellant to said valve actuating member, opening said valve in response to said application of pressure and injecting propellant into said container; equalizing pressure of said propellant in and out of said container; once said container is filled with a selected propellant; and closing said valve in direct response to equalizations of pressure of said propellant.

This invention relates to aerosol filling machines and more particularly to adapters for filling aerosol containers with gases.
When aerosol containers or cans are filled with whipped cream, for example, it has been desirable to inject the cans with precise amounts of nitrous oxide propellant which gives the cream a foamy quality. Typically, this is done through a filling adapter designed particularly for the style of aerosol valve or valve tip used in the can. It is advantageous to operatively seal the adapter to the valve stem, valve tip or stem island so that no (or only a little) gas is wasted during the injection process. In this regard, past adapters have usually sealed onto the can's valve stem, the valve tip which mounts on the stem or onto the projecting island through which the valve stem exits the can. These seals facilitate injection of the gas or propellant into the can.